Sensation vs perception definition7/4/2023 ![]() It turns out that this notion of five senses is oversimplified. You have probably known since elementary school that we have five senses: vision, hearing (audition), smell (olfaction), taste (gustation), and touch (somatosensation). The conversion from sensory stimulus energy to action potential is known as transduction. These cells relay messages, in the form of action potentials (as you learned when studying biopsychology), to the central nervous system. For example, light that enters the eye causes chemical changes in cells that line the back of the eye. When sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor, sensation has occurred. Due to sensory adaption, we often don’t perceive stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time.What does it mean to sense something? Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of stimuli. Although our perceptions are built from sensations, not all sensations result in perception.Top-down processing refers to how we interpret sensations due to influences from our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts.On the other hand, how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts. Bottom-up processing refers to the fact that perceptions are built from sensory input.One way to think of this concept is that sensation is a physical process (bottom-up processing), whereas perception is psychological (top-down processing). Perception involves both bottom-up and top-down processing. Perception refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced.Section Bank P/S Section Passage 4 Question 29 The fact that you no longer perceive the sound demonstrates sensory adaptation and shows that while closely associated, sensation and perception are different. The clock is still ticking, and that information is still affecting sensory receptors of the auditory system. Upon first entering the room, you can hear the ticking of the clock as you begin to engage in conversation with classmates or listen to your professor greet the class, you are no longer aware of the ticking. Imagine entering a classroom with an old analog clock. In fact, we often don’t perceive stimuli that remain relatively constant over prolonged periods of time. For example, upon walking into a kitchen and smelling the scent of baking cinnamon rolls, the sensation is the scent receptors detecting the odor of cinnamon, but the perception may be “Mmm, this smells like the bread Grandma used to bake when the family gathered for holidays.”Īlthough our perceptions are built from sensations, not all sensations result in perception. One way to think of this concept is that sensation is a physical process, whereas perception is psychological. Now you are processing the shape in a top-down fashion. When given a context, your perception is driven by your cognitive expectations. There is no context to give it a specific meaning, so there is no top-down processing involved.įigure 3. With top-down processing, you use context to give meaning to this image. ![]() There are two thick vertical lines and three thin horizontal lines. Seen alone, your brain engages in bottom-up processing. Where cognitive psychology of a person’s environment affects their stimulus processing. In top-down processing, there is always bias of environmental factors on a personal perception of the stimulus, this is known as context effect. An example of this is if you see the chair you have stubbed your toe on before and you avoid it to make sure it does not happen again. An example of this is stubbing your toe on a chair, the pain receptors detect pain and send this information to the brain where it is processed. On the other hand, how we interpret those sensations is influenced by our available knowledge, our experiences, and our thoughts. Bottom up processing is when sensory receptors pick up signals for the brain to integrate and process. ![]() Bottom-up processing refers to the fact that perceptions are built from sensory input. ![]() Perception refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced. While our sensory receptors are constantly collecting information from the environment, it is ultimately how we interpret that information that affects how we interact with the world. ![]() Perception refers to the way sensory information is organized, interpreted, and consciously experienced and involves both bottom-up and top-down processing. ![]()
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